Introduction
Over the past decade, many developing countries have turned to tourism as an option for sustainable development. Sustainable development is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987). It requires a fair and equitable distribution of the benefits of development, improved well-being for citizens and respect and care for the environment.
Sustainable tourism in its purest sense is an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism that is both ecologically and culturally sensitive.
Thus, Sustainable tourism activities have minimal impact on the environment and culture of the host community.
According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is tourism that leads to the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems.
Taking a leaf from the definition of sustainability itself, sustainable tourism is also defined as a process which meets the needs of the present tourists and host communities whilst protecting and enhancing needs in the future.
Tourism emerged from being a relatively small-scale activity into a global economic sector from the 1960s onwards. In 2004, tourism was expected to generate 10.4 per cent of world GDP; 9.4 per cent of global capital investments; 8.1 per cent of worldwide employment; and 12.2 per cent of worldwide exports of goods and services. At present, tourism ranks in the top five world export categories. Tourism’s impact on the economies of developing countries is very significant. In recent years, tourism’s economic contribution in developing countries has exceeded that of traditional economic activities like agriculture and mineral extraction.
Tourism enjoys an advantage for development in small developing states and not surprisingly it has been one of the fastest-growing economic sectors over the past 10 to 15 years.
Sustainability principles
Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability. Thus, sustainable tourism should:
- Make optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key element in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity.
- Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance.
- Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable employment and income earning opportunities and social services to host communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation. (UNEP)
It also works on some areas:
- make business practice more energy- and waste-efficient
- involve the community in decision making
- identify potential risks to the environment from their business and avoiding those risks
- identify opportunities to market a business as sustainable
- identify beneficial partnerships
Regional sustainable tourism efforts
Australia / NZ
Northern Australia
Along with a 5 years strategic plan for sustainable tourism, this destination offers toolkits and educational information to help organizations in the area move forward.
Greening Melbourne's hotels
The City of Melbourne introduced an innovative environmental program to help city hotels to cut energy, water and waste management costs. The Savings in the City program aims to provide leadership, support, recognition and advice to hotels in the municipality. It will help hotels to identify economically viable actions they could take to reduce energy consumption and operating costs.
Hotels are the first sector to be targeted in the Savings in the City program, with 11 being among the top 200 water users in the City of Melbourne. And the hospitality sector - including accommodation and food providers - generates up to 18 per cent of all waste in the municipality, so there's plenty of scope top make meaningful savings.
Hotels are the first sector to be targeted in the Savings in the City program, with 11 being among the top 200 water users in the City of Melbourne. And the hospitality sector - including accommodation and food providers - generates up to 18 per cent of all waste in the municipality, so there's plenty of scope top make meaningful savings.
Transportation in New Zealand is aiming to be more sustainable. New Zealand's only national public transport network consisting of 170 coach services and 3 ferry services a day to 600 communities, towns and cities across New Zealand is working to become carbon neutral.
Maldives
With the impacts of climate change and sea level rise, this small island aims to become the first carbon neutral destination by 2020. Of course, they aren't taking into consideration their travel into this equation. m
Bay of Bengal Green Model for Eco-Tourism
This case study presents a green model for eco-tourism as it is currently in place at the Welcomgroup Bay Island (WGBI) hotel in Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The model concentrates on a so-called four-R’s strategy, which includes Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rethink of procedures and policies for the hotel. (Quoted from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), 2005)
This case study presents a green model for eco-tourism as it is currently in place at the Welcomgroup Bay Island (WGBI) hotel in Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The model concentrates on a so-called four-R’s strategy, which includes Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rethink of procedures and policies for the hotel. (Quoted from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), 2005)
Vietnam's green map
This ecotourism initiative represents national parks, nature reserves and proposed protected areas spread over mountains, lowland forests, wetlands, islands, coral reefs and 3,440 km of coastline. Locked within these natural pockets is an endemic and indigenous biodiversity that makes Vietnam a truly special country. An estimated 12,000 species of vascular flora occur in Vietnam. The organisation's goal for the ecotourism map is for international tourists to take note of Vietnam's spectacular natural composition, as being responsible, respectful and considerate of local communities. By engaging local people through the use of guides, home- stays and various modes of transportation, it is hoped that tourism will serve to increase local communities' awareness of their natural environment as providing them with alternative sources of income.
This ecotourism initiative represents national parks, nature reserves and proposed protected areas spread over mountains, lowland forests, wetlands, islands, coral reefs and 3,440 km of coastline. Locked within these natural pockets is an endemic and indigenous biodiversity that makes Vietnam a truly special country. An estimated 12,000 species of vascular flora occur in Vietnam. The organisation's goal for the ecotourism map is for international tourists to take note of Vietnam's spectacular natural composition, as being responsible, respectful and considerate of local communities. By engaging local people through the use of guides, home- stays and various modes of transportation, it is hoped that tourism will serve to increase local communities' awareness of their natural environment as providing them with alternative sources of income.
Green Tourism Finland
Green Tourism Finland is a network of companies who are dedicated to sustainable development. They have an accreditation program whereby they grade each business. Members include transportation, accommodation, food and tours.
Green Tourism Finland is a network of companies who are dedicated to sustainable development. They have an accreditation program whereby they grade each business. Members include transportation, accommodation, food and tours.
European Sustainable Tourism Prize
The Province of Rimini was awarded with the first European Sustainable Tourism Prize, “Carmen Díez de Rivera” for its LIFE-Environment Project "Strategies and Tools towards Sustainable Tourism in Mediterranean Coastal Areas". The award from the EU is divided into public and private initiatives for sustainable tourism. Some objectives include new management systems, planning and managing tourist destinations and implementing new management of tourist destinations in accordance with their environmental, social, cultural and economic values.
The Province of Rimini was awarded with the first European Sustainable Tourism Prize, “Carmen Díez de Rivera” for its LIFE-Environment Project "Strategies and Tools towards Sustainable Tourism in Mediterranean Coastal Areas". The award from the EU is divided into public and private initiatives for sustainable tourism. Some objectives include new management systems, planning and managing tourist destinations and implementing new management of tourist destinations in accordance with their environmental, social, cultural and economic values.
Life Environment Project
The Life Environment project is called 'Strategies and Tools for Sustainable Tourism in Mediterranean Coastal Areas'. The project is centred on Rimini, Italy and Calvia, and Spain. Approximately 4 million tourists descend each year upon their beaches and the destinations are looking to combine economic and social aspects which have a respect for the environment. The project which is co-financed by the European Commission is centred around main lines of action including:
- an integrated strategy for the management of coastal areas in mass tourism destinations
- improving environmental performance of private operators
- and raising tourist and tour operator awareness on environmental issues
The Life Environment project is called 'Strategies and Tools for Sustainable Tourism in Mediterranean Coastal Areas'. The project is centred on Rimini, Italy and Calvia, and Spain. Approximately 4 million tourists descend each year upon their beaches and the destinations are looking to combine economic and social aspects which have a respect for the environment. The project which is co-financed by the European Commission is centred around main lines of action including:
- an integrated strategy for the management of coastal areas in mass tourism destinations
- improving environmental performance of private operators
- and raising tourist and tour operator awareness on environmental issues
Cinque Terra Sustainable Tourism Project
The territory of the Cinque Terra located on the coast of north-eastern Italy has established a sustainable tourism project to protect the culture, heritage and environment. Cinque Terra is famous for the five villages that are accessible only by train or trail: Monterosso, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola and Riomaggore, however the large number of tourists has a significant impact on the sustainability of the region. The region was recognized as a National Park in 1999 and as a UNESCO protected territory since 1997. The sustainable tourism project has established an Environmental Quality Brand for accommodation facilities, a cinque terra card, and guidelines for tourists and public information about conservation. In order to control tourist numbers, a Cinque Terra Card is provided which includes access to all paths, nature observations centres, botanic paths, picnic areas, and bird watching areas. Tourists exploring the region can purchase a 1, 3 or 7-day card which also provides unlimited access to the train and bus between villages. The fee goes to protect the trails, marine and national park and maps, train and ferry times as well as a list of main business sectors participating in the scheme are accommodations which implement energy and water saving techniques as well as the purchase of local produce, recycling and using sustainable transport. An easy to read pamphlet offers visitors and businesses in the region simple, straightforward and easy options to reduce impact, support local economies and protect the fragility of the region.
The territory of the Cinque Terra located on the coast of north-eastern Italy has established a sustainable tourism project to protect the culture, heritage and environment. Cinque Terra is famous for the five villages that are accessible only by train or trail: Monterosso, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola and Riomaggore, however the large number of tourists has a significant impact on the sustainability of the region. The region was recognized as a National Park in 1999 and as a UNESCO protected territory since 1997. The sustainable tourism project has established an Environmental Quality Brand for accommodation facilities, a cinque terra card, and guidelines for tourists and public information about conservation. In order to control tourist numbers, a Cinque Terra Card is provided which includes access to all paths, nature observations centres, botanic paths, picnic areas, and bird watching areas. Tourists exploring the region can purchase a 1, 3 or 7-day card which also provides unlimited access to the train and bus between villages. The fee goes to protect the trails, marine and national park and maps, train and ferry times as well as a list of main business sectors participating in the scheme are accommodations which implement energy and water saving techniques as well as the purchase of local produce, recycling and using sustainable transport. An easy to read pamphlet offers visitors and businesses in the region simple, straightforward and easy options to reduce impact, support local economies and protect the fragility of the region.
Sometimes called Sweden's most primitive hotel, the lodge works to protect endangered species in Scandinavia. There is no electricity and all water comes from a local spring. Working to offer a unique ecotourism experience, it is not for the light hearted.
Sunart Oakwoods Initiative
This initiative aims to create and re-establish 2500 square miles of native woodlands. The woodlands will provide ecotourism type activities (walking, cycling, wildlife hides, canoeing, etc.) and will train, employ and house local people. The site will also be managed by local people in collaboration with the Forestry Commission, Scottish Natural Heritage, Highland Council, Lochaber Enterprise and special interest groups. Ten years since the initiative started, it plays a large tourism role. Over 10,000 m of new paths have been constructed, new interpretive panels and Gaelic trails have been established and an integrated tourism strategy set out.
This initiative aims to create and re-establish 2500 square miles of native woodlands. The woodlands will provide ecotourism type activities (walking, cycling, wildlife hides, canoeing, etc.) and will train, employ and house local people. The site will also be managed by local people in collaboration with the Forestry Commission, Scottish Natural Heritage, Highland Council, Lochaber Enterprise and special interest groups. Ten years since the initiative started, it plays a large tourism role. Over 10,000 m of new paths have been constructed, new interpretive panels and Gaelic trails have been established and an integrated tourism strategy set out.
Grootbos Private Nature Reserve and lodge,South Africa
A luxury camp two hours north of Cape Town, Grootbos is more than just 5 star accommodation and a nature reserve. The nature reserve was instrumental in setting up the Walker Bay Fynbos Conservancy in 1999 and currently consists of 21 landowners, who manage approximately 12 000 hectares of Fynbos. The Reserve has been running the longest running vegetation survey to date, which was started in 1997. Grootbos is not just about conservation as they also operate a private foundation that offers a number of different sustainability initiatives. The 'Growing the Future' initiative trains 8 men and women every year in the growing of vegetables and fruit, beekeeping and the principles of successful animal husbandry. Since 2003, they have had over 80 graduates. The 'Green Future' project provides annual, practical-based training programs for unemployed local people in the fields of landscaping, horticulture and ecotourism. The project is designed to develop nature-based sustainable livelihoods for people from the local community, and so engender a conservation ethic in surrounding areas. They also run a 'Spaces for Sport' initiative that offers a multipurpose facility which is considered a community development project. The site was chosen due to its unique position in the centre of three diverse communities in Gansbaai: Masakhane Township is comprised of about 12 000 black residents, the Blompark community has about 5000 coloured residents, and the Gansbaai white community consists of about 8000 residents. More than 300 kids every year are trained here by their coaches and volunteers. Guests visiting Grootbos can also participate. Grootbos runs a project called ‘Future Trees’. Guests are given the opportunity to plant a tree in a patch which was previously Milkwood Forest that was decimated in a fire in February of 2006. Approximately 1000 trees have been planted to date. Each guest receives a tree planting certificate with the co-ordinates of where the trees have been planted. The GPS co-ordinates are uploaded unto Google Earth and guests have the opportunity to track their tree’s progress.
A luxury camp two hours north of Cape Town, Grootbos is more than just 5 star accommodation and a nature reserve. The nature reserve was instrumental in setting up the Walker Bay Fynbos Conservancy in 1999 and currently consists of 21 landowners, who manage approximately 12 000 hectares of Fynbos. The Reserve has been running the longest running vegetation survey to date, which was started in 1997. Grootbos is not just about conservation as they also operate a private foundation that offers a number of different sustainability initiatives. The 'Growing the Future' initiative trains 8 men and women every year in the growing of vegetables and fruit, beekeeping and the principles of successful animal husbandry. Since 2003, they have had over 80 graduates. The 'Green Future' project provides annual, practical-based training programs for unemployed local people in the fields of landscaping, horticulture and ecotourism. The project is designed to develop nature-based sustainable livelihoods for people from the local community, and so engender a conservation ethic in surrounding areas. They also run a 'Spaces for Sport' initiative that offers a multipurpose facility which is considered a community development project. The site was chosen due to its unique position in the centre of three diverse communities in Gansbaai: Masakhane Township is comprised of about 12 000 black residents, the Blompark community has about 5000 coloured residents, and the Gansbaai white community consists of about 8000 residents. More than 300 kids every year are trained here by their coaches and volunteers. Guests visiting Grootbos can also participate. Grootbos runs a project called ‘Future Trees’. Guests are given the opportunity to plant a tree in a patch which was previously Milkwood Forest that was decimated in a fire in February of 2006. Approximately 1000 trees have been planted to date. Each guest receives a tree planting certificate with the co-ordinates of where the trees have been planted. The GPS co-ordinates are uploaded unto Google Earth and guests have the opportunity to track their tree’s progress.
CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe
Tourism development has helped many of Zimbabwe's poorer rural communities as part of the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE). Through CAMPFIRE, foreign visitors buy licences to hunt wildlife within certain quotas. As well as keeping wildlife numbers at sustainable limits, the profits from these licences and the sale of meat and skins of the animals is ploughed back into local communities to build new schools, wells and health clinics.
Tourism development has helped many of Zimbabwe's poorer rural communities as part of the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE). Through CAMPFIRE, foreign visitors buy licences to hunt wildlife within certain quotas. As well as keeping wildlife numbers at sustainable limits, the profits from these licences and the sale of meat and skins of the animals is ploughed back into local communities to build new schools, wells and health clinics.
The Red Sea Sustainable Tourism Initiative (RSSTI)
One of the first tourism programs in the Middle East to adopt principles of sustainable development, this programme was funded by USAID. The Tourism Development Authority (TDA) in Egypt plans to build approximately 200,000 new hotel rooms in the next 15 years near and around the Red Sea and Sinai Peninsula (source: greenhotelier). The RSSTI has a mandate for sustainable tourism and advocates their mission by working with the TDA and encouraging environment and socially responsible projects which involve local participation in decision making, eco-efficiency, the use of EIA', Environmental Management Systems, etc. In addition, a set of economic instruments have been developed to encourage developers to be more responsible.
One of the first tourism programs in the Middle East to adopt principles of sustainable development, this programme was funded by USAID. The Tourism Development Authority (TDA) in Egypt plans to build approximately 200,000 new hotel rooms in the next 15 years near and around the Red Sea and Sinai Peninsula (source: greenhotelier). The RSSTI has a mandate for sustainable tourism and advocates their mission by working with the TDA and encouraging environment and socially responsible projects which involve local participation in decision making, eco-efficiency, the use of EIA', Environmental Management Systems, etc. In addition, a set of economic instruments have been developed to encourage developers to be more responsible.
Responsible Tourism in West Africa
A recent opportunity to explore West Africa offered a unique way for cultural interaction to take place. As many westerners wish to visit rural communities for history and cultural interaction, giving money to a village may interupt the economic balance or status. In the southern Burkinabe village of Kontambougou, tour guide leaders chose to bring chairs for the elders in the community as a gift. Elders in the village of Kontambougou used to stay in their huts as they aged but with the gift of chairs, they sit out in the village and socialise and interact with the other villagers. The villagers welcome the westerners by showing them their hospitality through music and dancing and the chief's son explains the village structure and formation to the tourists. Another way to bring something back to the village was by bringing photographs of the elders that were taken on the last visit so that the village had a record and photograph of the old chiefs and significant elders.
A recent opportunity to explore West Africa offered a unique way for cultural interaction to take place. As many westerners wish to visit rural communities for history and cultural interaction, giving money to a village may interupt the economic balance or status. In the southern Burkinabe village of Kontambougou, tour guide leaders chose to bring chairs for the elders in the community as a gift. Elders in the village of Kontambougou used to stay in their huts as they aged but with the gift of chairs, they sit out in the village and socialise and interact with the other villagers. The villagers welcome the westerners by showing them their hospitality through music and dancing and the chief's son explains the village structure and formation to the tourists. Another way to bring something back to the village was by bringing photographs of the elders that were taken on the last visit so that the village had a record and photograph of the old chiefs and significant elders.
Chumbe Island Coral Park, Tanzania
Chumbe Island is the first privately established and managed Marine Park in the world and takes serious note in its sustainability operations. Its income from eco-friendly visitors finances conservation and environmental education programs for local schools and other groups.
The 7 palm thatched bungalows, while comfortable and beautifully unique, are also built entirely out of local material and designed with solar lights, rainwater catchment, solar-heating of shower water and composting toilets. Chumbe has won the 2000 UNEP 500 Roll of Honour Award, 2004 TODO socially responsible tourism award and, 2004 Responsible Tourism Award in addition to many others.
Chumbe Island is the first privately established and managed Marine Park in the world and takes serious note in its sustainability operations. Its income from eco-friendly visitors finances conservation and environmental education programs for local schools and other groups.
The 7 palm thatched bungalows, while comfortable and beautifully unique, are also built entirely out of local material and designed with solar lights, rainwater catchment, solar-heating of shower water and composting toilets. Chumbe has won the 2000 UNEP 500 Roll of Honour Award, 2004 TODO socially responsible tourism award and, 2004 Responsible Tourism Award in addition to many others.
Vamizi Island
Offering luxurious eco-lodges in Mozambique, made up of ten low-impact beach houses. The lodge tries to sustain livelihoods by providing a boat for islanders to patrol the waters for illegal fishing, and steps are being taken to manage the elephant population so that human and pachyderm can coexist The construction uses almost entirely local materials - timber, thatch and stone all come from the mainland or the islands themselves - thus providing help to the local economy. Although not yet off the grid, the property is working toward being truly sustainable.
Rated by National Geographic as one of the top 50 lodges worldwide, this accommodation offers environmental and social sensitivity. Powered mainly by wind and solar, it serves as a base for scientific and wildlife research and is the first-of-its-kind cooperative agreement with the Bulgan Sum Township and Gobi-Gurvansaikhan National Park authorities.
Samasati Nature Reserve, Costa Rica
Built without the use of heavy machinery, no clearing of land or cutting of trees, the retreat only employs local people and aims to give money back to the local community. Offering eco and adventure trips, the retreat has undertaken multiple measures to become more sustainable.
Costa Rica. Awarded with the highest level of eco-certification, Almonds and Coral have attempted to integrate their hotel into the natural surroundings and conserve nature. Practices include using green building design, recycling, no chemical fertilizers or weed killers, garbage is separated into organic matter, recyclable, reusable, and non recyclable or reusable. A special custom made sewage treatment system was designed by a sanitation engineer for the hotel and strict conservation and environmental policy exists
The lodge is private forest reserve in the Southern Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Along with offering ecotourism and adventure tours, its main objective is to preserve the rain forest and to contribute to conservation efforts in part of the Amazon that is rapidly changing. The lodge, in conjunction with the Ecotourism Development Program of the Brazilian Amazon (Proecotur) has developed a long term sustainability strategy for the area.
Santa Lucia Lodge, Ecuador
In Ecuador, ecotourism has been helping to preserve and sustain Santa Lucia Lodge. A runner up for the 2005 WTTC Tourism for Tomorrow Awards and the 2004 Responsible Tourism Awards, the lodge offers a multitude of elements that help sustain the local area and community. Examples include: staff training for native guides, courses in cooking, hospitality and administration and capacity building; conservation (having now planted native trees in 20 hectares of land).
In Ecuador, ecotourism has been helping to preserve and sustain Santa Lucia Lodge. A runner up for the 2005 WTTC Tourism for Tomorrow Awards and the 2004 Responsible Tourism Awards, the lodge offers a multitude of elements that help sustain the local area and community. Examples include: staff training for native guides, courses in cooking, hospitality and administration and capacity building; conservation (having now planted native trees in 20 hectares of land).
Tofino, BC. One of the first resorts in Tofino, it was also one of the first to implement environmentally friendly design principles. The use of geothermal was integrated even though the cost was 30% higher. The pay back was 6-7 years. Geothermal provides instant hot water, air conditioning and heating. The building was built with wood destroyed by the pine beetle.
This three year project is an initiative to assess and develop the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve area (which includes the Rideau Corridor and Thousand Islands regions) as a location and destination for sustainable tourism.
Prince Edward Island National Park of Canada
The Park is undertaking a number of initiatives to protect and preserve the natural and cultural resources found in the area. Along with a beach facility which was developed using a sustainable design concept, it also has a 10kW wind turbine that provides 100% of the electricity requirements to the Cavendish Campground. This year, the park will install a 50kW wind turbine that will provide the necessary power for a “grid-free” new administration building and compound.
The Park is undertaking a number of initiatives to protect and preserve the natural and cultural resources found in the area. Along with a beach facility which was developed using a sustainable design concept, it also has a 10kW wind turbine that provides 100% of the electricity requirements to the Cavendish Campground. This year, the park will install a 50kW wind turbine that will provide the necessary power for a “grid-free” new administration building and compound.
Tofino Cedar Corner Development
A real example of achieving the triple bottom line. Tofino sits at the entrance to Clayoquot Sound, a globally unique biosphere now designated by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve; it attracts approximately 1 million visitors per year. With the environmental and social pressures stemming from the tourist population and the fragile environment, this is a good example of multiple sustainable considerations. Built from 100% recycled timber and equipped with the latest water-saving, energy efficient and power alternative features, their philosophy is the following "Ultimately a successful business is a business that: a) makes money; b) exists symbiotically with its community; c) has an absolute minimum negative impact on the environment; and d) becomes a working model of a profitable, socially conscious, 'green' business showcased to the world".
A real example of achieving the triple bottom line. Tofino sits at the entrance to Clayoquot Sound, a globally unique biosphere now designated by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve; it attracts approximately 1 million visitors per year. With the environmental and social pressures stemming from the tourist population and the fragile environment, this is a good example of multiple sustainable considerations. Built from 100% recycled timber and equipped with the latest water-saving, energy efficient and power alternative features, their philosophy is the following "Ultimately a successful business is a business that: a) makes money; b) exists symbiotically with its community; c) has an absolute minimum negative impact on the environment; and d) becomes a working model of a profitable, socially conscious, 'green' business showcased to the world".
This organization was named one of 2010's greenest employers of the year. They have undertaken a number of sustainability initiatives including tracking their energy as well as providing funds for ecosystem improvement.
San Francisco gone green
San Francisco has pulled out all the stops - LEED certified buildings, reducing waste, diverting from landfill, acknowledging parks and green space and their contribution to quality of life and tourist enjoyment!
San Francisco has pulled out all the stops - LEED certified buildings, reducing waste, diverting from landfill, acknowledging parks and green space and their contribution to quality of life and tourist enjoyment!
Travel Green Wisconsin
Travel Green Wisconsin is a voluntary program that reviews, certifies and recognizes tourism businesses that have made a commitment to continuously improve their operations in order to reduce their environmental and social impact. The program, set up by the Wisconsin Environmental Initiative (WEI) and the sustainable tourism ad-hoc committee made up of local businesses, NGO's and government agencies aims to develop a voluntary environmental certification program for the Wisconsin tourism industry. This voluntary program helps businesses evaluate their operations, set goals and take specific actions towards environmental, social and economic sustainability. The project is currently being piloted.
Travel Green Wisconsin is a voluntary program that reviews, certifies and recognizes tourism businesses that have made a commitment to continuously improve their operations in order to reduce their environmental and social impact. The program, set up by the Wisconsin Environmental Initiative (WEI) and the sustainable tourism ad-hoc committee made up of local businesses, NGO's and government agencies aims to develop a voluntary environmental certification program for the Wisconsin tourism industry. This voluntary program helps businesses evaluate their operations, set goals and take specific actions towards environmental, social and economic sustainability. The project is currently being piloted.
Hawaii Bio - Beetle 100% Recycled Vegetable Oil Powered Cars
Now when you travel to Hawaii, you can hire one of the first environmentally friendly cars - powered by 100% recycled vegetable oil.
Now when you travel to Hawaii, you can hire one of the first environmentally friendly cars - powered by 100% recycled vegetable oil.
Sustainable Tourism Good Practices
'Tourism development and tourist activities – in the Arctic and elsewhere – become sustainable when a business is not only concerned about its economic success, but also looks at environmental and social aspects of its activities.
'Tourism development and tourist activities – in the Arctic and elsewhere – become sustainable when a business is not only concerned about its economic success, but also looks at environmental and social aspects of its activities.
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Sandals Montego Bay, Jamaica
Sandals Montego Bay in Jamaica - winner in the large hotel category - has a fully implemented Environmental Management System and Health and Safety program. This program received Green Globe 21 certification in January 2001; since then, Sandals Montego Bay has been continuously improving its operation, with programs such as:
* Energy Conservation Management
* Freshwater Resource Management
* Waste Minimization
* Improved Social and Cultural Development
* Safe Care, Use and Handling of Chemicals
* Freshwater Resource Management
* Waste Minimization
* Improved Social and Cultural Development
* Safe Care, Use and Handling of Chemicals
They also created an Emergency Disaster Plan Manual as well as an HIV/AIDS Workplace Program Policy. Sandals Montego Bay has a full time environment, health and safety manager, responsible for staff training, developing community awareness, and liaising with the Montego Bay Marine Park and National Environment and Planning Agency.
Staff are encouraged to participate and become involved with Monthly Awards, Annual Health and Safety Expositions, Field trips, Committees, Clubs and Special Events such as medical missions for children's infirmaries, AIDS hospices, and neighbouring mental hospitals, as well as youth training and recruitment programs, and community clean-ups - both above and below the water.
Jamaica's project to improve coastal towns
As a section of the Ministry of Tourism in Jamaica is the Tourism Product Development Company (TPDCO) is “to develop and improve the tourism product, to position Jamaica as a preferred destination and to ensure that tourism is sustained as a major contributor to the development of the economy”. As one of the initiatives, the Government of Jamaica project to improve resort towns. Some of the aims of this project are to -Clean, upgrade and maintain the resort towns, concentrating on designated project corridors.
As a section of the Ministry of Tourism in Jamaica is the Tourism Product Development Company (TPDCO) is “to develop and improve the tourism product, to position Jamaica as a preferred destination and to ensure that tourism is sustained as a major contributor to the development of the economy”. As one of the initiatives, the Government of Jamaica project to improve resort towns. Some of the aims of this project are to -Clean, upgrade and maintain the resort towns, concentrating on designated project corridors.
- Increase the security presence in order to reduce visitor harassment
- Implement environmental and tourism awareness programmes in schools and communities
- Improve the facilities at the cruise ship piers.
3 Rivers Eco Lodge & Sustainable Living Centre
The 3 Rivers Eco Lodge & Sustainable Living Centre, reiterates in 2006 its commitment to sustainability after earning this award in 2005. Located in Dominica, this family business lives by a fundamental goal: to live in harmony with, yet has as little harmful impact as possible on the unspoiled natural beauty of its surroundings and community.
The 3 Rivers Eco Lodge & Sustainable Living Centre, reiterates in 2006 its commitment to sustainability after earning this award in 2005. Located in Dominica, this family business lives by a fundamental goal: to live in harmony with, yet has as little harmful impact as possible on the unspoiled natural beauty of its surroundings and community.
Their philosophy is driven by a belief in their role to protect and enhance the environment for guests, as well as the residents of the local community. Keeping in line with their goals, every aspect of the hotel has the environment in mind. The management embraces a sustainable lifestyle, minimizing the use of all resources, and monitoring all systems.
The sun powers the entire property. Even the water supply is pumped from the river using a solar powered pump, which works in silence to avoid disturbing the surrounding natural habitats. Likewise, solar hot water heating systems are used. To minimize water consumption, gray water is treated and then re-used in the garden and campers use dry toilets.
The hotel composts all kitchen and garden waste, and uses that compost to grow as much organic food as possible without the use of chemicals or fertilizers. A truly original invention is the modification of a pickup truck that has been retrofitted to run on used vegetable oil as well as diesel fuel. With the 'cooking oil truck' they have reduced harmful emissions by some 93%, and are able to re-cycle oil that had been previously discarded by local restaurants in local rivers and ravines. Whenever possible, the hotel avoids purchasing packaged goods. The hotel shops locally, recycles and uses biodegradable products, and tries to keep waste products to a minimum. Water, electricity, gas, solid waste and paper consumption are monitored daily to continuously find new ways of reducing usage.
An important aspect of 3 River's philosophy is to involve the local community. Employees come from local villages, and they are trained in sustainable living. As an Eco-Lodge, the hotel owners feel that community-based tourism is essential in order to ensure that their local friends benefit from the hotel's existence. Bearing this in mind, the hotel offers a number of local community based activities for the visitors' enjoyment, which, at the same time, help many native people earn money to provide for their families. The activities give guests a true taste of life in Dominica, as seen by a Dominican, and are as innovative as they are engaging. They include:
- Learning traditional farming methods and how to make & taste one of Dominica's national dishes - Calalou Soup.
- A day at an organic herb farm, discovering traditional herbal medicines & remedies, and tasting various bush teas.
- Coffee and cocoa preparing and roasting - where tourists can take some home at the end of the day.
- Visits to the local village primary school - getting to know the kids, sharing experiences with them and learning the local history.
- Band practices with the local Reggae and Calypso stars - The Blazing Squad.
- Learning to make ancient knitting or flower crafts, among others.
These are just some of the responsible practices that 3 Rivers Eco Lodge proudly undertakes. "Environmental issues concern not just the air we breathe and the water we drink; they also concern our obligation to each other, and to future generations to protect our planet," said CHA President, Berthia Parle, MBE. "In the Caribbean hospitality industry, businesses that utilize the most solid social and environmental practices benefit communities and save not only our environment, but our heritage as well." (this case study is taken directly from the Caribbean Hotel Association announcement)
Maho Bay, US Virgin Islands
The most significant aspect of this island destination is the staff. Management is sensitive to guest needs and they are welcomed in an open and friendly way. Upon request, they were showed around the facilities on St John. Although the site has been criticized from a community standpoint for not employing locals or consulting with them during the planning process, it is a good example of environmental and technological aspects.
The most significant aspect of this island destination is the staff. Management is sensitive to guest needs and they are welcomed in an open and friendly way. Upon request, they were showed around the facilities on St John. Although the site has been criticized from a community standpoint for not employing locals or consulting with them during the planning process, it is a good example of environmental and technological aspects.
Stanley Selengut, owner of Maho Bay Camps built the first tents in 1976 and has become a pioneer for using and showcasing sustainable techniques in energy, water and waste management, educational and training and unique guest programs. The camps seek to preserve, protect, and even enhance the fragile eco-system of the Virgin Islands.
Some examples of effective protection and conservation systems include:
Some examples of effective protection and conservation systems include:
- Elevated walkways to prevent soil erosion and protect the beach and fragile coral. The walkways help protect the ecosystem, hide wires and add an element of uniqueness to the area. Plants along the boardwalks are well labelled adding an educational element.
- Construction methods minimized removal of vegetation and use recycled building materials such as "plastic lumber", recycled glass tiles and rubber tire rugs. The plastic lumber not only is recycled but provides for grip when walking in the rain.
- The sun, using timers and sensors to maximize efficiency, generates much of the electricity. Passive solar design, photovoltaic, rain collection and roof scoops that circulate cooling breezes are used. In the kitchen, guests are asked to clean their own tables and sort their recycling accordingly.
- The Concordia units at the far end of the island collect rain water and are almost entirely self sufficient from the main water pipes. The Concordia units also offer low flush composting toilets, energy efficient showers and solar lighting. Solar energy units are displayed in the tent for guests to monitor their energy use.
- Staffs hold educational seminars about energy and waste conservation as well as offering programs for health and wellbeing.
- Recycling has become a marketing tool for public relations as well as a profitable guest program. In 1997 a comprehensive recycling centre was installed with glass crushers, furnaces, annealing ovens, cardboard shredders, and tools to convert waste into marketable products. The Camps Trash to Treasures program now sells unique art made from recycled glass from the restaurant.
Maho Bay has employed many site sensitive practices to promote sustainable tourism concepts.
Dominica gets eco certification
Dominica is situated at the northern end of the Lesser Antilles, nestled between the two French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. The Commonwealth of Dominica has become the first complete country in the world to be benchmarked as a Green Globe 21 Eco Destination.
The government is introducing new green legislation in all areas to comply with the green globe requirements and aims to be fully certified within the next year or so. (source: greentravel and 3 Rivers ecolodge)
Dominica is situated at the northern end of the Lesser Antilles, nestled between the two French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. The Commonwealth of Dominica has become the first complete country in the world to be benchmarked as a Green Globe 21 Eco Destination.
The government is introducing new green legislation in all areas to comply with the green globe requirements and aims to be fully certified within the next year or so. (source: greentravel and 3 Rivers ecolodge)
How do you tell “green” rhetoric from reality? It's not easy, concludes a report, Protecting Paradise: Certification Programs for Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism.
Punta Cana Resorts
Contributed to the revitalization and relative improvement of the economic health of an area once considered marginal. It has accomplished this through a variety of business initiatives, including adapting technologies, training personnel, and creating environmental and education programs. The resort is also home to a biodiversity and sustainability centre.
Sustainable tourism in Turkey?
The project aims to establish "sustainable tourism" in the Belek Tourism Centre. Betuyab's goals and activities are realized through cooperation among the investors, the local inhabitants, the official association and establishments, and the relevant ministries (Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Forestry etc
The Siwa Sustainable Development Initiative, Egypt
The Siwa Environmental Quality Initiative (EQI) offers a Shali lodge, ecotourism activities, organic agriculture products, women's artisanship and other offers which were developed based on consultations with the local community and other stakeholders. EQI designed and implemented the commercial ventures with the aim of promoting economic development in Siwa that is in harmony with its sensitive environment and that revitalizes its unique cultural heritage.
The Siwa Environmental Quality Initiative (EQI) offers a Shali lodge, ecotourism activities, organic agriculture products, women's artisanship and other offers which were developed based on consultations with the local community and other stakeholders. EQI designed and implemented the commercial ventures with the aim of promoting economic development in Siwa that is in harmony with its sensitive environment and that revitalizes its unique cultural heritage.
Conclusion
Tourism is expected to resume its rapid growth in the near future. This growth can be harnessed not only for the enjoyment of tourists themselves but, more importantly, for maximizing economic benefits, and thus increasing the living standards of host communities and countries. At the same time, unless corrective measures are taken, it is bound to have negative environmental and socio-cultural impact on those communities. Ecotourism and other sustainable tourism strategies have gone a long way towards minimizing this negative impact and ensuring that the economic benefits of tourism can contribute to environmental protection and the sustainable use of natural resources.
But while environmental sustainability must remain a key component of sustainable tourism strategies, another challenge for the international community is to devise ways and means to place poverty reduction at the centre of tourism planning, development and management. This will require, amongst other things, genuine community participation, greater technical and financial assistance, human resources development, and institutional capacity building in many developing countries.
Reference
UNEP (2000) Principles on Implementation of Sustainable Tourism http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/policy/principles.htm
WTO (2001) Compilation of good practices in sustainable tourism. http://www.world-tourism.org/cgi-bin/infoshop.storefront/EN/ product/1214-1,
WTO (2002) Voluntary Initiatives for Sustainable Tourism” May 2002 http://www.world-tourism.org/cgi-bin/infoshop.storefront/EN/
product/1232-1
Promoting Sustainable Production and Consumption: Five Policy Studies
By Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero, Ralph Chipman and Erik Bryld, April 1999
A New Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development: Moving Beyond Environmental Protection
By Frederico Neto, March 2003
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